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It was one of the founding fathers, Benjamin Franklin, who formed the first insurance company in 1751, called Philadelphia Contributionship, and it was home/fire insurance. According to PBS reports, 143 policies were issued by the company in the first year, and none of the insured property caught fire for seven years afterwards. In fact, Philadelphia used the same scheme that all insurance companies use today; the members of the company paid an amount of money that would be used to restore financial loss due to fire-related causes. Such payment is popularly known today as insurance premium. Benjamin Franklin played a significant role in developing insurance indeed, but he was not the first to introduce auto insurance. As a matter of fact, the first car insurer’s venture began a little earlier than Benjamin Franklin’s time.

The First Known Automotive Insurance in America

People now see car insurance as an inevitable part of everyday lives simply because car is the most-popular means of transportation in the country. Insurer provides essential financial protection for every vehicle owner in the event of an accident that causes property damages, casualties, medical conditions, and all possible financial losses. In America, Detroit is nowadays well-known for its automobile industries. During the late nineteenth to early twentieth century, Ohio was home for innovators of this new type of transportation. It is worth mentioning that the world’s first car insurance coverage policy was issued in Dayton, Ohio in 1987. According to Ohio Historical Society, Gilbert J. Loomis was the first person to purchase car auto liability insurance. The policy provided protection for Loomis in terms of financial loss (or financial responsibility) in case his car damaged another person’s properties, killed, or injured someone. These policies are more or less similar to those used widely by modern car insurance companies throughout America nowadays; at least, the policies issued to Loomis set examples of what kind of financial protection that car insurance policy should at least provide for the owner.

The car insurance industry slowly began to gain its popularity since then, and it indeed developed into more comprehensive as well. In 1902, the first comprehensive insurance policy provided coverage for fire and theft, so it was no longer for accident-related causes only, according to International Risk Management Institute. In 1912, insurance coverage that combined multiple perils was starting to develop as insurers tried to include fire, property, and liability coverage for automobile into one single policy. Auto insurance coverage policies evolved greatly, but the basic principles remain the same. Benjamin Franklin did not probably think about cars when he started Philadelphia Contribution-ship, but he played a crucial role in developing the system and popularize the idea that insurance does bring peace of mind to the policyholder.
With the rise of the automobile industry in America, insurance also began its expansion. There are many factors involved in the success story of car manufacturing such as expansion of U.S. economy, infrastructure and road development, and the rise of “car culture” itself in the country. Of course, the rapid growth of vehicle production and number of car owners in the country inevitably resulted in more road cars and accidents.

In 1930, more than 100 people were killed in accidents per day. It is not a surprising fact since drivers at that time were not obliged to undergo strict driver licensing, and probably most of them were never registered to any driver test. This was, in fact, an expected consequence due to the absence of driver test or driving schools. In 1920s, due to various political reactions, the government invested more funds to build better roads and traffic control system as well as improve vehicle licensing regulation and implement strict driver test. Massachusetts was a step ahead of most states by establishing driver licensing in 1903; however, the state only started to implement driver licensing in 1952.

Massachusetts and Connecticut were ahead again with the implementation of compulsory insurance and financial responsibility laws. To be more precise, Connecticut’s law required driver or vehicle owner to produce valid proof of financial responsibility of at least $10,000 in case one is involved in an accident that resulted in more than $100 worth of damages, injury, medical bills, or when the accident caused the death. Back then, drivers were obliged to what was stated by the law after their first-time accident.

In 1950s, car insurance began to spread widely across the nation in almost all states. Massachusetts was the only states in the country that required drivers to purchase car insurance policy before vehicle registration. In 1956, New York adopted the same regulation; North Carolina took the same step in the following year. During 1960s and 1970s, almost all states developed the same type of regulation although each state has different specific requirements. Considering that the beginning of compulsory insurance law was in 1925, and it was successfully applied throughout the nation by 1970s, the development is staggeringly quick.

Nowadays, car insurance evolved into one of the most-profitable industries in the world thanks to the significant help from the Internet.

How to make your own music beat using the beat making programs?

Beat making programs will help you create music beats on your own. Are you bored hearing the same old music each day and want to create something new and interesting? These programs will give you the satisfaction of creating music beat on your own.

The programs that are available in the market are extremely limited. The samples that will be provided to you will not be up the mark and most of them might only provide you with some mp3 samples. Apart from this they should not be complex and you should be able to understand them easily.

Before you start creating any beat, it would be advisable to first ascertain the style that you want to create. Do you want it to be fast paced and rocking or slow paced and romantic? After you have decided on the style you can create the beats you want using the beat making programs. You can follow the simple steps that are listed in the video training course to create beats that you like.

There have been so many advancements in the music industry and these programs had made it possible for DJs and beginners to learn the process of making beats.

What are the top 6 things that you need to keep in mind while buying the beat making programs?

1. The beat making programs interface should be easy to use and this will help you master the various techniques of creating music like a pro. You should not be spending many days just reading through the confusing manuals that are given along with the beat making programs.

1. Even if you had not used them earlier you should be able to master them easily. Lookout for a video training course that will help you learn everything you need in easy steps. The training course is very important for people with little or no experience to master the fundamentals easily. They will also help you learn by trial and error.

1. Ability to create any modern genre of music like hip hop, R&B, rap, jazz and much more. There should be a sequencer (preferably a 16 track) so that you would be able to edit any genre of music that you create easily.

1. The beat making programs should have hundreds of sounds that you can browse and use. It would be best if you could pre set these sounds as per your individual requirements. You should be able to customize the beats according to your specific requirements.

1. They should enable you to move sounds around easily. You should also be able to edit volume according to your requirement. The sound quality that is produced should be of superior quality. You should be able to export the bests to studio quality.

1. Most importantly they should be affordable. You should not be spending hundreds of dollars buying expensive equipment to make beats of your own. You should be able to get the best quality products at prices that do not make a hole in your pocket.

Why should you use beat making programs?

You would be able to create foot tapping beats with beat making programs software that are available at very low costs. Expensive equipment is not necessary to create good quality output and you would be able to do the same using beat making programs.

All that you will need is access to a computer and you will be able to create beats wherever you want using the beat making programs. You would be able to make beats even while you are travelling as you can access everything on the Internet.

You will also be able to upload the beats that you had created online and get feedback that will help you learn. Apart from this you would also be able to collaborate with other people and create beats using the beat making programs that are available online.

Where should you buy beat making programs?

There are hundreds of beat making programs that are available on the Internet and you should make your choice after adequate research. Most of the beat making programs does not fulfill the tall claims that they make and you would be left disappointed with the outcome.

There are many free online programs that are available in the market. It would be best to avoid them as they would be a waste of your time and effort. You will not be learning anything and would only be disappointed with the output.

There are several high quality beat making programs that are available in the market at a very low price and by doing some simple research you would be able to get the best beat making programs that are available. Most of the reputed programs have a forum where you will be able to learn about what other people think of the software.

There are various programs that you can buy within your budget. You can browse the Internet to check the availability in different price ranges. Look through the various sites that provide programs online and choose the one that best suits your specific requirements.

The programs that are available should also provide you with good customer support so that you are able to get answers to all your questions while using the software. Start creating your own beats with those that are available online and groove to the beats with friends and family.

There will also be free demos available in most beat making programs that are reputed. This will help you learn about the various features that are available and you will also be able to check the efficiency easily. Buying the beat making programs has never been so easy.

Visit http://beat-making-software-review.toptenreviews.com/ to review the best software available online.

While they are treated badly by some men who see women as weak and not favoured by God, the facts are that the reverse is true. Women are actually far stronger than men in spirituality and that is what counts. They have a stronger link to the Spirit of the Universe and they see things in a clearer light than their counterparts. They are the nurturers and the bearers of life and they are the first and greatest of God’s children.

Following my reincarnation and with a strong link to the Spirit it commissioned me to remove the wall of blindness that has been put up by the two beasts of Revelation and bring in the harvest. It then poured in the knowledge to enable me to do that.

The start of religious discrimination against women was Babylon. Prior to the rise of Islam from that city women were the elders of tribes and even in Egypt matriarchy was prominent. So what changed?

In a vision shown to me a group were gathered on a hilltop gazing towards the rising sun whose rays penetrated a perforated stone. The resultant image of dispersed light formation of rainbow coloured rings of movement was awesome and the people fell to their knees to worship it. Central to it was the right-angled cross.

The image was called ‘Ma-r-y’ (Mari) which means ‘mother’s powerful eye’ and it was stylised into a female figure that men considered they could marry by dying on the cross. This they did at dawn when they were expected to rise with the light into the heavens. It’s primitive thinking but that is what the World Order is based on.

The Amors were the inhabitants of the city and they built Roma (reverse Amor) and took their religion and Mother God with them throughout the known world. One of them was Constantine who established the Catholic Church in 325 AD and he put up the image of Jesus Christ as its Saviour. He reinstated Mary in it as the Mother of God and because of her expected jealousy against the women they mate with on earth laws were imposed to hide them.

Discrimination against them and patriarchy were born of Babylon and the Islamic religion that became the basis for all branches of it to target women. Christianity and the Muslim faiths along with that of Judah all serve the same agenda. In God’s eyes, however, it is the women who are special.

Reincarnation is fact and people are turning to the Mountain of God for answers.

Abandonment issues start very early in life when we don’t feel loved, safe, seen, valued and connected with in our family. Abandonment issues are exacerbated if you were emotionally, physically and/or sexually abused or neglected, or if you were adopted out, sent away to boarding school at a young age, left in unloving day care or with an unloving nanny, or placed in numerous foster homes.

Abandonment issues can also be currently operating in your life if your childhood role models abandoned themselves by not taking responsibility for their own happiness and pain. Perhaps you are currently abandoning yourself by:

• staying focused in your head rather than being present in your body with your feelings.
• judging yourself,
• turning to various addictions to numb your feelings, or
• making others responsible for your feelings.

If you are abandoning yourself in any of these ways, then your self-abandonment is contributing to some of your current abandonment issues.Some of the symptoms of abandonment issues are:

• getting anxious when you don’t hear from your partner, fearing that he or she is leaving you;
• feeling that you can’t be alone, and feeling panicked at the thought of being left; feeling that you will die if left alone;
• feeling clingy and needy of others’ attention and approval;
• giving yourself up to please others;
• getting angry and blaming your partner when he or she doesn’t answer your calls or texts because he or she is busy at work;
• feeling worthless unless you get others’ attention and approval;
• calling or texting your partner many time a day;
• going into deep depression if your partner leaves you;
• feeling alone and empty unless another person is attending to you;
• finding it hard to function when you are anxious about your partner;
• being suspicious and vigilant regarding your partner;
• frequently feeling jealous;
• isolating and pushing people away;
• being unwilling to attach to people for fear of being rejected;
• social anxiety; and
• frequently leaving relationships to avoid the risk of being left.

This is just a partial list. If you are aware of other symptoms, you might want to add your own.Healing Abandonment Issues

Healing abandonment issues is a two-pronged process.

1. You need to be in a therapeutic relationship, or a loving friendship or romantic relationship that provides the safety, compassion, caring and understanding that you didn’t receive growing up. You might need mothering – loving holding and nurturing that provides a release of anxiety.
2. You need to practice an inner work healing process, learning how to love yourself and give yourself the caring, compassion, nurturing and safety that you didn’t receive as a child.

If you are receiving love from another but you are abandoning yourself, healing won’t occur. Many people have been in therapy for years with a very kind and compassionate therapist, or been in a relationship with someone who loved them, but if they continue to abandon themselves, they can’t take in the love that is offered.The more you learn to see and define your own wonderful essence, and the more you learn to connect with your spiritual Guidance and develop a strong loving adult self, the more you heal your abandonment issues. Since you may not be able to do this on your own, having therapy or facilitation in your inner work process can be extremely helpful in supporting your healing. You might not be able to truly start your inner work until you feel seen and valued by another person. But receiving this from another without also learning to love yourself will not lead to full healing. It takes both loving support from another person and loving yourself to heal abandonment issues.

Margaret Paul, Ph.D. is the best-selling author and co-author of eight books, including “Do I Have To Give Up Me To Be Loved By You?” and “Healing Your Aloneness.” She is the co-creator of the powerful Inner Bonding® healing process. Learn Inner Bonding now! Visit her web site for a FREE Inner Bonding course: http://www.innerbonding.com or email her at margaret@innerbonding.com. Phone sessions available.

Much has been debated about India’s manpower story. Forecasts suggest that by 2020, about 60% of India’s population of 1.3 bn will be in the working age group of 15-59 years. It is estimated that by 2025, India will have 25% of the world’s total workforce. The real problem is that a big labor pipeline could also set off an unemployment trend of epidemic proportions. But, with adequate preparation, that need not be the case.

There certainly is an urgent need to put in place a well-designed skills development ecosystem. To understand the urgency, take a look at the findings of the Annual Talent Shortage Survey (2015) by Manpower Group: 58% of respondents from India said that filling jobs was difficult (this is against the global average of 38%). This indicates that without appropriate skilling, India will not only have the largest supply of manpower, but also the largest unemployed workforce in the world. The only way to avoid this is by building a skill-focused, industry-ready and job-ready workforce. And the time to start doing it is now.

Skilling 350 million people within the next 5 to 7 years, and continuing the tempo for another 5 years, is not going to be easy. In addition, all skilling initiatives must be in alignment with emerging industry needs and with the overall economic goals.

India’s stated goal is to target a growth in economy of 8% to 9%, with 10% for secondary, 11% for tertiary and 4% for agriculture sectors. This means the skilling programs must be developed with precision to deliver sector specific and industry-ready manpower.

A study has shown that 90% of jobs are skill-based whereas only 2% of the population (in the 15-25 age group) is currently enrolled for vocational training. This is in contrast to 80% in Europe and 60% in East Asian countries. The gap to be bridged is enormous.

And what is our capacity to skill people? At the moment, the number of people formally trained by the Ministry of Labour and Employment is about 1,100,000 a year. Another 3,200,000 are trained by an assortment of central government ministries. That means we have a formal capacity to train 4.3 million people annually as opposed to the need to skill at about 350 million in the next 5 to 7 years.

The solution is multi-level:

· Reduce the number of school and college drop outs. We have 20 to 21 million students drop out of Class VIII. Another 2.2 million drop out at Class X. We must target this group of 23 million through upgraded industrial training courses such as those developed by the Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs)

· Target the women workforce. Currently, India has only 30% of women in the workforce. Other nations have much higher numbers. China for example, has 82% of women as part of the workforce. Create incentives for women to join skilling institutes

· Identify high growth industries and the kind of skills they will demand in the next 5 years, and develop skilling programs around these

· Draw industry into providing internships and infrastructure for on-the-job skilling with certification; encourage and train employees to provide the training

· Develop scalable, re-usable and cost-effective technologies for skilling such as cloud based video learning modules that promote experiential learning

· Create innovative means to access physical skilling infrastructure for promoting community college led vocational learning (such as the use of existing school and college infrastructure in the evening)

Training under the Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY) began at 1,000 centres across the country last year, covering 50,000 youth in 100 job roles across 25 sectors. This scheme is being coordinated by the recently shaped Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE). Also, an allocation of Rs 1,500 crore for skilling rural youth under the Deen Dayal Upadhyay Gramin Kaushal Yojana along with Rs 1,350 crore allocated for the National Skill Certification and Monetary Reward Scheme (STAR Scheme) had been made. The Skills Ministry has been directed by the Prime Minister’s Office to open 7,000 new ITIs within this year. This means operationalizing 20 new ITI centres each day!

These Govt. schemes and initiatives must continue to augment the development of a skilled force for India to meet the growing talent shortage.

It may be early to examine the results of all the dozens of schemes being launched across the nation. But if they are scalable, we will have taken the first major steps towards harvesting our demographic dividend.

Wadhwani Foundation